Diff: Europe
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Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Europe is known for its rich history, diverse cultures, and significant contributions to various fields such as art, science, philosophy, and literature. This wiki page provides an overview of Europe, including its geography, history, economy, and cultural significance. |
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'''Europe''' is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, bordered by the Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and Asia. Its eastern boundary is conventionally drawn through the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus region and Turkish Straits, although exact definitions vary. |
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Europe is one of the world's smaller continents by area, but it has had large political, cultural, scientific, economic and military influence. |
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== Geography == |
== Geography == |
Europe is the second-smallest continent in terms of land area, but it has a highly diverse geography. It is home to various landscapes, including mountains, plains, plateaus, and coastal areas. The continent is known for the Alps, the Pyrenees, and the Carpathian Mountains, which provide breathtaking scenery and popular destinations for outdoor activities. Major rivers, such as the Danube, Rhine, and Volga, flow through Europe, contributing to its fertile lands and transportation networks. |
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Europe includes peninsulas, islands, plains, mountains, rivers and coastlines. Major features include the Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians, Scandinavian Mountains, Danube, Rhine, Volga, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea and Baltic Sea. |
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The continent is closely connected to Asia as part of the larger landmass of Eurasia. The idea of Europe is therefore partly geographical and partly historical and cultural. |
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== Regions == |
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Europe is often divided into regions such as Northern Europe, Western Europe, Southern Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Europe. These divisions are not fixed and can change depending on political, cultural or statistical use. |
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The United Nations geoscheme and organisations such as the Council of Europe use their own membership and regional categories. The European Union is a political and economic union, not the same thing as the continent. |
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== History == |
== History == |
Europe has a long and complex history that spans thousands of years. It has been inhabited by various civilizations, including the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Celts. The Renaissance and Enlightenment periods saw significant advancements in arts, sciences, and philosophy, shaping the intellectual landscape of Europe. The continent has also witnessed major historical events, such as the Industrial Revolution, World War I, and World War II, which have had lasting impacts on its political and social development. |
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Europe's history includes ancient Greece and Rome, medieval kingdoms, Christianity, Islam in parts of the continent, the Renaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment, colonial expansion, industrialisation and modern nation states. |
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== Economy == |
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Europe has one of the largest and most developed economies in the world. It encompasses a mix of highly industrialized countries and emerging economies. The European Union (EU) plays a crucial role in promoting economic cooperation and integration among its member states. The EU single market enables the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people, fostering trade and economic growth. Major industries in Europe include manufacturing, finance, technology, tourism, and agriculture. |
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The twentieth century brought two world wars, fascism, communism, the Holocaust, decolonisation, the Cold War, European integration and the expansion of democratic institutions in many states. |
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== Economy and Institutions == |
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Europe contains some of the world's largest developed economies as well as smaller and transition economies. Manufacturing, finance, services, agriculture, technology, tourism, energy and education all play important roles. |
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Important institutions connected with Europe include the European Union, Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, NATO and the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe. |
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== Culture == |
== Culture == |
Europe is known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse traditions. It is home to numerous languages, religions, cuisines, and artistic expressions. The continent has produced renowned artists, writers, composers, and thinkers who have significantly influenced global culture. European cities, such as Paris, Rome, London, and Athens, attract millions of tourists each year with their historical landmarks, museums, and vibrant cultural scenes. Europe also hosts various international events, including film festivals, sports competitions, and music festivals. |
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European culture includes many language families, religions, national traditions, regional identities, artistic movements and philosophical traditions. |
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The continent has had major influence in literature, music, architecture, science, law, political thought, sport and education, but it is not culturally uniform. |
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== See Also == |
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* [[United_Kingdom]] |
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* [[Ireland]] |
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* [[World_War_I]] |
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== References == |
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* [https://www.britannica.com/place/Europe Encyclopaedia Britannica: Europe] |
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* [https://www.coe.int/en/web/about-us/our-member-states Council of Europe: member states] |
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* [https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en European Union: EU countries] |
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* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/ United Nations Statistics Division: standard country or area codes] |
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[[Category:Continents]] |
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[[Category:Europe]] |