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'''Belgium''', officially known as the Kingdom of Belgium, resides in Western [[Europe]]. It shares borders with the [[Netherlands]] to the north, [[Germany]] to the east, [[Luxembourg]] to the southeast, [[France]] to the southwest, and the North Sea to the northwest. Brussels serves as both the capital city and the de facto capital of the European Union.

== History ==
Belgium boasts a rich and intricate history, stretching back to ancient times when Celtic tribes inhabited the land. During the medieval period, it was a part of the [[Roman Empire|Holy Roman Empire]] before various European powers, including [[Spain]], [[Austria]], and France, ruled over it. Belgium declared independence from the Netherlands in 1830, paving the way for the establishment of the modern Belgian state.

== Geography ==
Belgium is famed for its diverse landscapes, comprising coastal plains, fertile valleys, and densely forested regions. It can be categorised into three main geographical areas: the coastal plain in the northwest, the central plateau, and the Ardennes uplands in the southeast.

== Culture ==
Belgium's cultural richness reflects its linguistic and ethnic diversity. With three primary linguistic communities - Dutch-speakers (Flemish) in the north, French-speakers (Walloon) in the south, and a smaller German-speaking community in the east - Belgian culture is a vibrant mosaic of traditions. The country boasts a lively arts scene, a celebrated culinary heritage, and several UNESCO World Heritage sites.

== Economy ==
Belgium enjoys a highly developed economy, centred on international trade and services. It is home to numerous multinational corporations and serves as the headquarters for international organisations like NATO and the EU. Key industries encompass manufacturing, finance, pharmaceuticals, and tourism.

== Politics ==
Belgium adopts a federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy. Its parliament consists of two chambers - the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate. The nation is segmented into three regions: Flanders, Wallonia, and Brussels-Capital, each with its own government overseeing regional affairs. The federal government manages national matters.

== Education ==
Belgium boasts a robust education system, characterised by substantial public investment in schools and universities. Education is mandatory for children aged 6 to 18, with a structure comprising primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. The country hosts several esteemed universities, including the University of Leuven and Ghent University.

== Events ==
Belgium hosts a plethora of cultural, sporting, and political events annually. Noteworthy occasions include the Brussels Flower Carpet, the Tour de France cycling race, and renowned music festivals like Tomorrowland. The country also serves as a hub for political summits and conferences due to its EU capital status.

== Notable Landmarks ==
Belgium boasts numerous architectural and historical landmarks, such as medieval castles, cathedrals, and UNESCO World Heritage sites. The Grand Place in Brussels, the Belfry of Bruges, and the Atomium are among its most famous landmarks, drawing millions of tourists each year.

== Law Enforcement ==
Law enforcement in Belgium falls under the purview of various police forces at federal, regional, and local levels. The federal police handle national security and major crimes, while local forces maintain law and order within their jurisdictions. Specialised units combat threats like terrorism, cybercrime, and drug trafficking.

== Crime Rate ==
Belgium maintains a relatively low crime rate compared to its European counterparts. Violent and property crimes are infrequent, though challenges persist with organised crime, drug trafficking, and cybercrime. Collaboration with international partners bolsters efforts to combat these threats and uphold public safety.