Australia

Australia, officially known as the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country located in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an estimated population of over 25 million people, it is the world's sixth-largest country by total area and has diverse landscapes, unique wildlife, and a rich cultural heritage. This wiki page provides an overview of Australia, including its history, geography, government, economy, and notable landmarks.

History

The history of Australia dates back tens of thousands of years, with Indigenous Australians being the continent's original inhabitants. European exploration and settlement began in the 17th century, leading to the establishment of British colonies in the late 18th century. In 1901, the colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia as a self-governing dominion within the British Empire. Australia has since become a prosperous and multicultural nation.

Geography

Australia is the world's largest island and the smallest continent. It is surrounded by the Indian and Pacific Oceans, with neighbouring countries including Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and New Zealand. The country has diverse geography, ranging from vast deserts in the interior, such as the famous Australian Outback, to lush rainforests, stunning coastal areas, and iconic landmarks like Uluru (Ayers Rock) and the Great Barrier Reef.

Government and Politics

Australia is a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. It is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch. The Australian Parliament consists of two houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate. The country is divided into six states and two territories, each with its own government and varying degrees of self-governance.

Economy

Australia has a mixed-market economy, characterized by high standards of living, well-developed infrastructure, and abundant natural resources. It is one of the world's largest exporters of minerals, including iron ore, coal, and gold. The country also has a strong service sector, including finance, tourism, and education. Agriculture plays a significant role, with Australia being a major producer of wheat, beef, wool, and wine.

Notable Landmarks and Cities

Australia is home to numerous notable landmarks and vibrant cities. Sydney, the largest city, is known for its iconic Sydney Opera House and Harbour Bridge. Melbourne is renowned for its cultural scene, sporting events, and coffee culture. Other notable cities include Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide, and Canberra, the capital city. Natural wonders like the Great Barrier Reef, the Daintree Rainforest, and the Twelve Apostles attract visitors from around the world.